![]() Together, these two features contribute to the ecological validity of the experiment, while controllability ensures test reliability. The most challenging task in mood effect studies, especially those conducted with emotional pictures, is how to control the valence and arousal levels of induced moods ( Westermann et al., 1996). To date, however, few studies have demonstrated a mood-congruent effect with natural moods ( Hasher et al., 1985 Forgas et al., 2009), although natural moods play an important role in understanding the phenomenon ( Parrott and Sabini, 1990 Kwiatkowski and Parkinson, 1994 Mayer et al., 1995). The real-life property should improve ecological validity, and the controllability property refers to the ability to replicate the results across different laboratory settings. The real-time feature should preclude problems related to a differentiated time course between positive and negative moods ( Gray et al., 2002 Goeleven et al., 2007 Toyama et al., 2014). Investigating how natural moods interact with emotional stimulus processing requires a well-controlled natural mood induction method, which would meet the criteria of capturing real-time, real-life, and controllable situations. Mood-congruent effects represent one of the interactive patterns between moods and emotional stimuli. Studies with good ecological validity and reliability are expected to further examine the problem. However, natural moods induced by these methods are really difficult to manipulate. There are two studies that displayed real-life natural moods by either employing depressed participants or bad weather ( Hasher et al., 1985 Farach et al., 2014). Natural mood congruity ecologically occur in a context that intrinsically embodied a memory task. As for existing studies, the difficulties that researchers have faced in demonstrating mood congruity with natural moods ( Hasher et al., 1985 Parrott and Sabini, 1990 Forgas et al., 2009) are consistent with the possibility that traditional laboratory mood induction procedures may differ fundamentally from natural mood formation ( Mayer et al., 1995 Eich and Macaulay, 2000). Whether mood congruity effect could be observed with natural moods remain unresolved. Hasher et al., 1985 Parrott and Sabini, 1990 Farach et al., 2014), and some studies even demonstrated mood-incongruent effect with natural moods (e.g. To date, only one study claimed that mood congruity could be observed with natural moods ( Mayer et al., 1995), the others failed to replicate the finding (e.g. Research examining mood congruity is fundamental for the elucidation of how mood affects emotional memory, which may help to reveal the mechanisms of mood processing and the psychopathology of mood disorders.Īlthough observations of the phenomenon have been replicated many times since Bower’s initial work ( Bower, 1981), there is a lack of consensus as to whether mood congruity can be detected with natural moods ( Blaney, 1986 Perrig and Perrig, 1988 Forgas et al., 2009). ![]() The results also revealed a robust negativity bias in emotional face recognition, which was found to accompany a mood repair effect.Ī mood-congruent effect refers to the psychological phenomenon in which the processing of an emotional stimulus is enhanced when its valence matches one’s current mood state ( Bower, 1981). In experiment 2, participants performed a neutral face recognition task in pleasant and grisly scenes that were matched for arousal levels, and the mood effect disappeared. ![]() The recognition tests and gaze tracking results failed to support mood-congruent effects but did show a mood effect independent of a strong emotional face effect. In experiment 1, participants performed an emotional face recognition task in both positive and negative virtual reality scenes. Using a newly developed, virtual-reality-based eye-tracking technique, the present study conducted real-time observations of mood effects on emotional face recognition with simulated “real-life” pleasant and grisly scenes. ![]() Additionally, the ecological validity of mood induction and real-time observation deficiency remain unresolved. Mood-congruent effects have been demonstrated many times, but few studies have managed to replicate the effect with natural moods. Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, College of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.Lan Zhong Yamin Wang * Hong Kan Jinhong Ding ![]()
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